Tuesday, June 19, 2012

PENTECOST IV


Rembrandt Christ in the Storm on the Sea of Gallilee



The brief but striking episode recorded in Mark’s Gospel for this Sunday -- in which Jesus appears to control a storm at sea with a simple command -- is usually referred to as a ‘nature’ miracle. But, as so often in the Gospels, this ‘miracle’ should be understood as a ‘sign’ rather than a ‘wonder’. What matters is what it says, not what it accomplishes.

Storms are natural metaphors. They easily transfer from the world of nature to the concerns of human life, and can thus be used to signify, and communicate, a climax in the strains and stresses of human life. This use of the image is common in the Bible – in the Psalms – for example -- and sometimes the metaphor and the literal event are inextricably interwoven – as in the story of Jonah, for instance.

In either case, the natural event of the storm is to be read as a symbol. It reveals something about Jesus and his relationship to God. The punch line of the story, of course, is the stilling of the storm, at which point the terror of the disciples is changed, not into grateful relief, but into ‘awe’ at the person of Jesus – "Who then is this, that even the wind and the sea obey him?".

But in a way, the key moment is to be found a few verses earlier, when Jesus lies sleeping on a cushion. It is in response to their frightened accusation "Teacher, do you not care that we are perishing?" that he stills the storm. The enormous gap between his relationship to God and theirs, however, is revealed not so much by his extraordinary power over the storm, but his ability to sleep in the midst of it.

Monday, June 11, 2012

PENTECOST III


Vincent van Gogh Harvest in Provence (1888)

Many of Jesus’ parables appear in all of the first three Gospels. In this week’s Gospel reading, however, there is a parable unique to Mark. It comes at the end of a chapter that begins with the well known parable of the sower, a parable that Matthew and Luke also record. Mark then uses the same image of seed planted in the ground to turn in a different direction. ‘The kingdom of God is like this’, Jesus says, and invites us to dwell on something both utterly familiar and deeply mysterious. We plant seeds, and after a time we harvest the crop that they produce. Sprouting and growing is essential to our success, yet though we are wholly reliant on this process, it happens quite independently of our labor.

The sower in Mark's parable is anonymous. He represents everyone and anyone. What matters is the seed, and its mysterious power to produce grain. The message seems clear. Christians believe that in the age-old struggle with ignorance, evil and death, truth and goodness will be victorious in the Kingdom of God. The life and death and Resurrection of Jesus guarantee this. In the ‘present dispensation’, however, we have to await their final triumph, and while we do, our task is to witness to that hope by simply‘sowing the seed’ in our own time and place.

In our spiritual ‘labors’, as in all our other endeavors, is hard not to look for tangible evidence that our efforts are bearing fruit. Yet Mark’s parable aims to stop us thinking in just this way. We should be content to be sowers who can ‘sleep and rise night and day’ confident that the ways of God, which we cannot fathom, are always at work in bringing our witness to fruition. As St Paul tells the Corinthians in the Epistle -- ‘Walk by faith and not by sight’. ‘From now on’, he says, ‘regard no one from a human point of view’ as regards success and failure, because ‘if anyone is in Christ, there is a new creation’.

Tuesday, June 5, 2012

PENTECOST II


The Prophet Samuel -- Claude Vignon (1593-1670)


At this point in the year the Lectionary offers a choice between ‘continuous’ and ‘thematic’ readings from the Old Testament. The thematic readings are intended to fit better with the New Testament readings, while the continuous readings allow us to follow a rather longer story over a number of weeks.

This year the continuous readings take up the long story of the Israelites problematic relationship with their political rulers. It begins with the celebrated 8th chapter of the first book of Samuel in which the elders ask Samuel to find them a king so that they can be ‘like other nations’. He warns them about the dangers of kingship, but they persist. And so the stage is set for the turbulent saga of Saul, David and their many successors.

The passage leaves out the verses in which the Israelites' demand for a King is interpreted as a rejection of God. Yet this conflict between divine and human sources of hope lies at the heart of the whole story, and provides the background against which Jesus’ messiahship has to be understood. Jesus emphatically rejects ‘the nation’ as a focus of hope and salvation. More troublingly, the Gospel passage suggests that faith in God requires us to reject the family too, since Jesus appears to disown his ‘mother and brothers’.

This is one of those passages known as the 'hard sayings' of Jesus, and indeed it is difficult to interpret properly, even allowing for the exaggeration typical of middle eastern thought. But however we interpret it, this implication seems inescapable. God demands, and requires, and rewards, a devotion far deeper than any human being – king or parent -- could warrant.

Tuesday, May 29, 2012

TRINITY SUNDAY


Throne of God with Elders and Four Evangelists
from the Bamberger Apocalypse, Germany c. 1000 AD

Trinity Sunday is in some ways the culmination of the Church’s year – not because it generally coincides with the start of summer (which it only does in the Northern hemisphere of course) – but because it draws together the different emphases of the liturgical seasons that lead up to it. In Advent attention is focused on the sovereign majesty of the God who made the world and will judge it . From Christmas to Easter attention is focused on the incarnation of that God in Jesus – his birth, ministry, sufferings, death and Resurrection. As the Easter season segues through Ascension into Pentecost, the Jesus of history becomes the eternal Christ as the Holy Spirit calls forth the Church to be his Body in the world.

The lessons appointed for Trinity Sunday in Year B of the Lectionary are especially easy to connect along these lines. They begin with Isaiah’s dramatic vision “in the year the king Uzziah died” and the seraphim’s hymn that has become so closely identified with Trinity Sunday  -- “Holy, holy, holy is the LORD of hosts; the whole earth is full of his glory.”

In the Epistle to the Romans, St Paul points to the extraordinary way in which the Holy Spirit creates a mysterious unity between our innermost being and the being of Almighty God, "that very Spirit bearing witness with our spirit that we are children of God’.

Nicodemus and Jesus on a roof top Henry Ossawa Tanner
John’s Gospel, meantime, recounts an intriguing nighttime conversation. “The wind blows where it chooses, and you hear the sound of it, but you do not know where it comes from or where it goes”. “So it is with everyone who is born of the Spirit”, Jesus tells Nicodemus. This seems to make the work of the Holy Spirit a rather chancy thing. We might encounter it, or we might not. But anxiety on this score only serves to bring to the fore once again the centrality of Christ. We are not dependent for our spiritual salvation on the vagaries of religious experience. “God so loved the world that he gave his only Son, so that everyone who believes in him may not perish but may have eternal life”.







Wednesday, May 23, 2012

PENTECOST

The Descent of the Spirit at Pentecost-- Hans Multscher (1400-67)


The Day of Pentecost was a harvest festival, one of the traditional festivals of the Jewish religious year. Luke tells us that this was the day on which the disciples found themselves so filled with a ‘Holy’ Spirit that, even though the Risen Christ no longer appeared to them, they were brought back into the full presence of God. Because of this, ‘Pentecost’ became an important Christian festival also, and the passage from Acts that recounts this event is always read on this Sunday.

But the Lectionary gives us a choice. We can read it in conjunction with a lesson from the Old Testament, thereby looking back to the long salvation history of which it is the fulfillment. Or, it can be read in conjunction with Paul’s theological reflections on what ‘the Spirit’ means and does.

Both contexts underline something central, that the coming of the Holy Spirit -- in the Apostles’ lives, in the lives of those they converted, and in our own lives -- is not a once in a lifetime spiritual experience complete in itself, but the often faltering beginning of a process of spiritual development. No emotional experience, however powerful, can eliminate the continual need to deepen our understanding of God’s Incarnation and our salvation through the Cross.

This explains why, in the Gospel, Jesus says to his disciples “it is to your advantage that I go away. . . I still have many things to say to you, but you cannot bear them now. When the Spirit of truth comes, he will guide you into all the truth; for he will not speak on his own”. Pentecost marks the birth of the Church. It is an occasion of celebration because  the Church is ‘the Body of Christ’, a community enlivened by the Holy Spirit, and – despite all its manifest failings – enabled thereby to go on guiding us in the Truth about God.

Thursday, May 17, 2012

ASCENSION DAY

Icon of the Ascensio

Psalm 47 
1 Clap your hands, all you peoples; shout to God with loud songs of joy. 
2 For the LORD, the Most High, is awesome, a great king over all the earth.
 3 He subdued peoples under us, and nations under our feet. 
4 He chose our heritage for us, the pride of Jacob whom he loves. Selah 
5 God has gone up with a shout, the LORD with the sound of a trumpet. 
6 Sing praises to God, sing praises; sing praises to our King, sing praises. 
7 For God is the king of all the earth; sing praises with a psalm. 
8 God is king over the nations; God sits on his holy throne. 9 The princes of the peoples gather as the people of the God of Abraham. For the shields of the earth belong to God; he is highly exalted.

The lessons for Ascension Day